A group of demobilized child soldiers in the Democratic Republic of the Congo (2000-2007). Credit: Wikimedia Commons.

Breaking The Silence Over Sexual Violence Against Men And Boys In War

 August 24, 2026

By UN News

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By Yassal Ahmar 

Key Takeaways:

• Conflict-related sexual violence against men and boys is heavily underreported (an estimated 90–95% of cases never recorded), even as women and girls account for the large majority of verified victims.
• Detention settings, including those holding Ukrainian prisoners of war and civilian detainees, are frequent sites of such abuses, which are often described by survivors as torture rather than sexual violence.
• UN initiatives stress improved data collection, tailored psychosocial support, male survivor networks, and recognition of diverse survivor needs without diminishing attention to the disproportionate impact on women and girls.

Conflicts can expose civilians and detainees to grave abuses; the challenge is not only to document these crimes, but also to ensure all survivors are recognised, protected and able to access justice and care.

When a Ukrainian prisoner of war was released in 2025 after three years in detention, he carried with him searing memories of rape, forced nudity, beatings and electric shocks to his genitals.

His experience is part of a pattern the United Nations is documenting across conflicts: Men and boys are also subjected to conflict-related sexual violence (CRSV), often in places where sexual abuses are hard to document, including detention facilities.

Women and girls continue to bear the overwhelming burden of this violence. But overlooking male survivors can leave them without appropriate medical, psychological or legal support.

According to the UN Secretary-General’s report, women and girls made up 93 per cent of verified victims of conflict-related sexual violence in 2024, compared with seven per cent who were men and boys.

The figures, however, do not capture the full extent of the damage which remains heavily underreported; estimates suggest that 90 to 95 per cent of sexual abuse against men and boys in conflict settings is never recorded.

What happens in detention?

Detention is one of the settings most frequently associated with the issue. In Ukraine, the UN verified 310 cases of CRSV, 280 involving men. Many were prisoners of war or civilian detainees.

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The abuses included rape, forced nudity, beatings and electric shocks, used alongside other forms of abuse to punish, humiliate and extract critical information and confessions.

The pattern is not limited to Ukraine: the UN has documented male survivors in several other conflicts, while stating that verified cases are conservative estimates because insecurity, restricted access and fear of retaliation prevent many survivors from coming forward.

Why does the crime remain hidden?

Studies by the UN Institute for Disarmament Research (UNIDIR) points to social expectations around masculinity, homophobia, fear of being perceived as weak and limited institutional attention to male survivors.

How cases are described can also affect whether they are identified. The Secretary-General’s 2026 report notes that men and boys may describe sexual violence as torture, particularly after detention.

That can make it harder for humanitarian and justice systems to identify the specific needs associated with CRSV.

Research in eastern Democratic Republic of the Congo points to the scale of sexual violence against men, that is simply not on the radar. In one study, 23.6 per cent of men, when asked directly, reported experiencing sexual violence, and nearly two-thirds said it had occurred in the context of conflict.

For survivors, the barriers are not only institutional: community initiatives can also make a big difference on the path towards recovery. One Ukrainian survivor described the impact of connecting with others through a UN-supported network:

“For a long time, I thought what happened to me had no place to be spoken. Being here, with others who understand, changed that. It gave me a way forward.”

UNIDIR recommends better data collection that explicitly allows men and boys to disclose sexual violence, alongside survivor participation and psychosocial support tailored to their needs.

The UN Action network is putting some of these principles into practice. In Ukraine, the UNited Action to Empower Survivors project supported 160 survivors in 2025, including 69 men, through psychological counselling, rehabilitation and tailored assistance. It also helped establish male survivor networks offering peer support and advocacy.

The Secretary-General stresses that survivors are not a homogenous group, and that effective responses must reflect differences in age, gender, circumstances and individual needs, rather than assume one experience of violence.

In Sudan, UN-supported initiatives have sought to create space for dialogue about the experiences of men and boys who have been harmed, while UNHCR has issued guidance for humanitarian workers supporting male survivors in refugee and displacement settings.

Why breaking the silence matters

Women and girls remain disproportionately affected by CRSV. As UN Secretary-General António Guterres has put it, “sexual violence is a threat to every individual’s right to a life of dignity, and to humanity’s collective peace and security.”

But recognising men and boys as victims of sexual violence in conflict does not shift the focus from other vulnerable groups.

It closes a gap in the response, by ensuring that survivors who have often been overlooked can also be seen, supported and heard.

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Texas turns on data centers

A data center in Ashburn, Va. Photo: Caroline Gutman for The New York TimesTexas Gov. Greg Abbott delivered one of the starkest warnings yet from a Republican to the AI industry, saying data center companies deserve the backlash they’re facing, Axios’ Andrew Pantazi and Ben Geman report. Why it matters: Abbott is the latest governor to sharply change course on the AI data center boom he once enthusiastically courted, as local opposition becomes a potent political force.  Zoom out: Texas is among the hottest data center markets, with developers initially attracted by a pro-business state that has ample amounts of natural gas and renewables, energy infrastructure, and land. Abbott told ABC’s Jonathan Karl on “This Week” that the backlash stems from the rapid buildout and developers’ failure to win community support. “They basically dug their own grave for the problem that’s been caused for them,” Abbott said. “And that’s why they got the backlash they deserve.”  President Trump defended data centers during an interview with his former fixer, Michael Cohen, aired yesterday on 77 WABC in New York. Trump told Cohen that the U.S. was leading China in AI “by a lot” and that data centers were not taking power from the grid. “They’re making their own power plants. They’re building the most beautiful, you’ve never seen power plants like this,” Trump said. “Communities that don’ttake a data center, they’re making a mistake” because data centers create “tremendous amounts of jobs and money,” he added. Read on.

The brain’s language processing networks remain highly functional and synchronized in older adults. Credit: Neuroscience News.

Aging Brains Maintain Robust Language Networks Despite Cognitive Decline

FeaturedNeurosciencePsychology

·August 24, 2026

Summary: While executive functions like memory and problem-solving naturally decline as we age, new brain imaging research reveals that the neural network responsible for language remains preserved and fully functional. The study suggests that highly specialized brain regions are more resilient to aging compared to general cognitive networks.

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Key Facts:

• Brain activity in the language processing network is nearly identical between younger (ages 17–39) and older (ages 41–80) adults.
• The “multiple demand network,” which governs executive control tasks like working memory, showed significantly reduced synchronization and weaker activation in older adults.
• Language skills typically remain stable and can even improve with age, as older adults continually build their vocabularies—functioning much like a large language model trained on a lifetime of data.

Source: Massachusetts Institute of Technology

As human beings age, many cognitive functions naturally decline. Brain scans have consistently shown age-related deterioration in neural networks responsible for executive functions, working memory, and problem-solving. But when it comes to language, the aging brain tells a completely different, highly resilient story.

Barring neurological conditions such as stroke or dementia, most older adults retain excellent language skills. In fact, many individuals experience linguistic improvement as they accumulate a richer vocabulary throughout their lives.

A newly published brain imaging study—a collaboration between researchers at MIT and Boston University—has finally uncovered the neural mechanisms behind this phenomenon.

By analyzing the brains of older and younger adults, scientists discovered that activity in the brain’s language processing network remains remarkably stable as we age. When performing language tasks, older adults exhibited neural activation patterns almost completely identical to those seen in younger adults.

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“In the language network, we couldn’t find any differences between older and younger groups,” says Anne Billot, a lead author of the study and currently a postdoc at Harvard University. “In contrast, the executive system showed decline across almost all of the measures. The network synchronization declined in older adults, the extent of activation was reduced, and the magnitude of activation was reduced as well.”

The research team divided participants into two cohorts: a younger group (ages 17–39) and an older group (ages 41–80). The participants engaged in carefully designed tasks to isolate two distinct brain systems: the “multiple demand network” (responsible for flexible problem solving and executive control) and the language network.

To trigger the multiple demand network, participants performed a spatial memory task where they had to remember the location of squares in a grid. As expected, older adults displayed weaker, less synchronized activation in these frontal and parietal brain regions compared to younger participants.

However, when subjects listened to stories and read sentences to trigger the language network, the results were strikingly different. Both younger and older adults demonstrated equivalent levels of spatial distribution and neural activity. When encountering unusual grammar or unfamiliar words, both groups showed the same spike in sensitivity and heightened neural response.

“We have previously used similar kinds of materials to show that young adults show strong sensitivity to these points of linguistic difficulty: activity in the language areas goes up. Here we found that in older adults, you also see this sensitivity, which suggests that there’s nothing fundamentally different about how they process language,” explains Evelina Fedorenko, an MIT associate professor of brain and cognitive sciences and senior co-author of the study.

Unlike the multiple demand network, which operates as a flexible, general-purpose resource vulnerable to aging, the language network specializes in accumulating knowledge.

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“Vocabulary keeps increasing as long as people have been measuring, which makes sense. People get exposed to more and more language, and older people sometimes start reading more, so they get an extra boost — it’s like a large language model trained on increasingly more data,” Fedorenko notes.

These findings suggest that highly specialized regions of the brain may be fundamentally shielded from the normal wear and tear of aging, preserving our ability to communicate effectively throughout our entire lifespan.

Editorial Notes:

• This article was edited by a Neuroscience News editor.
• Journal paper reviewed in full.
• Additional context added by our staff.

About this Aging Research:

• Author / Media Contact: Sarah McDonnell
• Source: Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT)
• Contact Info: Sarah McDonnell
• Image Credit: Neuroscience News
• Original Research: Open access. “Preserved topography, lateralization, selectivity, and functional connectivity of the language network in older brains” by Anne Billot, Niharika Jhingan, Swathi Kiran, Evelina Fedorenko, et al. Nature Communications. Published August 24, 2026.
• https://doi.org/10.1038/s41467-026-76598-x

@LifeTenement

Corporation Buildings, 1960. This was the hallway leading to Mrs Hawkins’ tenement room, where my young brother (insert) stayed after my father’s pal kept a promise to my dying father he would look after his family when he passed on. 1/3

The new Alzheimer’s blood test: What it means for diagnosis The ability to diagnose Alzheimer’s disease simply and cost-effectively took a major step forward in May 2025, when the FDA approved the first blood test for early detection of the condition. It’s intended for people ages 55 or older with signs or symptoms of the disease.The test, called Lumipulse, isn’t the only one of its kind to look for Alzheimer’s blood markers. But it’s the only one that has made it through the challenging regulatory approval process, a milestone that’s considered a game changer. Get your copy of Alzheimer’s Disease Have you noticed memory problems piling up in ways that affect daily life in yourself or someone you love? Do you find yourself struggling to follow a conversation or find the right word, becoming confused in new places, or botching tasks that once came easily? More than 5 million Americans have Alzheimer’s disease, and estimates suggest it will affect 13.8 million by 2050. Already, it is the sixth leading cause of death in the United States. This Special Health Report, Alzheimer’s Disease: A guide to coping, treatment, and caregiving, includes in-depth information on diagnosing Alzheimer’s and treating its symptoms.  SHOW ME MORE → To find out about the significance of this development and what this could mean for Alzheimer’s diagnosis, we turned to Dr. Andrew Budson, lecturer in neurology at Harvard Medical School and chief of Cognitive and Behavioral Neurology at VA Boston Healthcare System. Q. Why is Lumipulse being watched so closely when doctors already can order similar blood tests for patients? Dr. Budson: A number of accurate Alzheimer’s blood tests are available for clinical use, and some blood tests have been marketed directly to consumers. But without FDA approval, FDA safety regulation, and public and private insurance coverage, the tests have not been part of the standard of care for diagnosis – they’ve just been novel tests that people could pay for out of their own pocket. For example, testing might cost between $300 and $1,750 at some companies. Financial assistance is sometimes available. Instead, we’ve relied on two other, more complicated, invasive, and costly types of FDA-approved tests that are covered by insurance to confirm the presence of Alzheimer’s: a positron emission tomography (PET) scan of the brain and a lumbar puncture, or “spinal tap,” which can detect disease biomarkers in a sample of fluid surrounding the brain and spinal cord. Q. How does the FDA approval of Lumipulse change things? Dr. Budson: The approval means that the blood test has been evaluated by scientists, is doing what it claims, and has the potential to be beneficial in people’s care.The next step is for insurance to consider covering it, particularly Medicare and Medicaid. If that happens, which is expected soon, the test will likely become the standard of care. We’ll have a pathway for the rapid detection of Alzheimer’s, which will allow us to start treatment immediately. Q. How does Lumipulse work? Dr. Budson: The test analyzes a blood sample to look for several proteins that are characteristic of Alzheimer’s disease. It calculates the ratio of amyloid-beta 40 (which is naturally present in the brain and considered normal) to amyloid-beta 42 (which is involved in forming Alzheimer’s brain plaques). The test also looks for a type of tau protein (phosphorylated tau 217) that causes tangles in brain cells.About 80% of the time, the blood test is either highly positive or highly negative, a result that’s accurate more than 90% of the time. About 20% of the time, the test is inconclusive. Q. How might you and other physicians use Lumipulse, if it’s covered by insurance? Dr. Budson: Here is the scenario I envision: The primary care provider identifies a patient with memory complaints and cognitive impairment as determined by a sensitive but brief cognitive screening test. The patient has blood tests to look for vitamin deficiencies and thyroid disorders and an MRI scan to look for brain tumors, fluid collections, and other structural problems. If the blood tests and the MRI do not provide answers, the doctor then orders the approved blood test to look for Alzheimer’s markers. Q. In that scenario, how are the blood test results used? Dr. Budson: If the blood test is clearly negative, the patient is told the reassuring news, but also told that their memory problems will be readdressed in six months. If something is still clearly wrong, the patient is referred to a memory specialist to look for other causes of dementia. If the test is inconclusive, the patient is referred to a memory specialist for either an amyloid PET scan or a lumbar puncture to determine the correct diagnosis .If the blood test comes back positive, the patient is referred to a neurologist or another specialist for treatment with an amyloid-targeting therapy – donanemab (Kisunla) or lecanemab (Leqembi). These medicines remove amyloid plaques from the brain, hopefully before too much damage is done. It’s not a cure, but it slows the disease process. And studies show that the earlier you intervene with treatment for someone with symptomatic Alzheimer’s in early stages, the more effective the medications will be. Q. Do you anticipate that other blood tests for Alzheimer’s will be approved? Dr. Budson: Yes, I expect several other tests will quickly gain FDA approval. Because we have disease-modifying treatments for Alzheimer’s disease, there is now an imperative to detect and treat our patients quickly. Just like in a patient in whom cancer is detected, the treatment doesn’t need to be initiated in a week, but six months is too long, and treatment would ideally begin within two months. Blood-based biomarkers will be crucial to help make this scenario into a reality.For more information on Alzheimer’s disease—check out this special health report, Alzheimer’s Disease: A guide to coping, treatment and caregiving, from Havard Health Publishing.Image: © Andrew Brookes/Getty ImagesShare this story:FEATURED CONTENTAlzheimer’s Disease •What is Alzheimer’s disease?•Recognizing the symptoms•Risk factors for Alzheimer’s disease•Special Section: 5 healthy habits that reduce risk•Is it Alzheimer’s or another dementia?•Diagnosing Alzheimer’s disease•Medications for Alzheimer’s disease Click here to learn more »You are currently subscribed to HEALTHbeat as michellemarcella.clarke1@gmail.com. UPDATE EMAIL FREQUENCY/PROFILE UNSUBSCRIBE SUBSCRIBE TO HEALTHbeat VIEW HEALTHbeat ARCHIVES PRIVACY POLICYVisit our website at: https://www.health.harvard.edu Email us at: healthbeat@health.harvard.edu FOLLOW US ON: FacebookTwitterCopyright © 2026 by Harvard University. Harvard Health Publishing, Gordon Hall, Suite 013, 25 Shattuck Street, Boston, MA 02115, USA * Please note, we do not provide responses to personal medical concerns, nor can we supply related medical information other than what is available in our print products or website. For specific, personalized medical advice we encourage you to contact your physician.

Where small models are challenging AI giants

With enterprises finally clamping down on tokenmaxxing, small models have emerged as a counterweight to expensive proprietary APIs.

On Monday, marketing and behavioral insights firm NextLM unveiled research detailing the results of its new system, Savant 3.5, built on lightweight, open-source NVIDIA Nemotron models and purpose-made for one specific task: helping salespeople find the best customers. In its niche task, the model outperformed major models from OpenAI, Google, Anthropic, SpaceXAI, and Moonshot, and at a much lower price.

“I think it validates the idea that small models can not only compete with the frontier, but actually, in some cases, win,” Chris Anzalone, founder and CEO of NextLM, told The Deep View.

Savant is built on top of one of Nvidia’s most compact models, sitting at roughly 30 billion parameters with 3 billion active for each input, to find customers. Then it uses Nemotron

3.5 Lightning as a “supporting signal” to sharpen the rankings.

Here are the results:

The most important result was how many eventual customers appeared in the top 10% of a model’s customer recommendations. NextLM’s Savant model put 24.6% of buyers in that 10%. The closest competitor, GPT-5.6 Sol at 22.8%. Grok 4.5 scored third-highest at 22.3%. Anthropic’s models, meanwhile, sat near the bottom of the group, with Fable 5 sitting at 18.1% and Opus 5 ranking dead last at 14.6%. Additionally, Savant managed to do so at a much cheaper rate, sitting between $0.003 and $0.011 per 1,000 customer prospects scored, compared to between $0.26 to $5.11 for the frontier-model APIs tested.

NextLM’s success provides an example of where small models fit best: niche, specialized tasks. “If a model isn’t tuned to your business outcomes, the value really isn’t yours,” Anzalone said. “It’s transferable to whoever uses that same model.”

Small models offer several benefits over bulky, expensive models accessed through proprietary APIs. As Savant proved, these models can be trained to do hyper-specific tasks and achieve hyper-specific business outcomes at a fraction of the cost. Additionally, because these models can often be stored on local hardware, they’re generally more private and secure than handing your business’s most critical data over to a model provider. And for enterprises desperately searching for returns while also being on high alert amid increasingly common AI-powered cyberattacks, small models may sound like attractive prospects. However, that doesn’t mean that enterprises are bound to stop using frontier models and APIs entirely. These systems have a few significant advantages: They’re easy to use and provide a readily available source of general capabilities. As Anzalone notes, “People are still going to use general models because they have general information.” The challenge enterprises now face is striking the balance between the two.

Here’s what America’s last WWII atomic veterans want you to know

By Victoria Kelly, Karin Tanabe | August 9, 2026

Veteran Michas Ohnstad talks to Karin Tanabe (center) and Victoria Kelly for the 2025 PBS documentary Atomic Echoes. Fewer than 10 American atomic veterans who served in the cities of Hiroshima and Nagasaki in 1945 are still alive. (Photo by Beatrice Becette / Blue Chalk Media)Share

As the world marks 81 years since the atomic bombings of Japan, only a handful of Americans remain who witnessed the aftermath.

They’re called “atomic veterans”—servicemen who arrived in Hiroshima and Nagasaki in the weeks after the bombs were dropped. Of the millions of Americans who served in World War II, only a small fraction—roughly 67,000—were assigned to those Japanese cities as part of the Allied occupation. Many were teenagers, sent into the two cities to keep order, in some cases helping to treat the tens of thousands of Japanese civilians who had survived the blasts but were dying of injuries no one yet fully understood.

When we set out to make the 2025 PBS documentary, Atomic Echoes: Untold Stories of World War II, we knew it was a race against time. Fewer than 10 of these American atomic veterans were still alive, and one of the three we included in the film—Michas Ohnstad of North Branch, Minnesota—passed away earlier this year. The film explores the trauma and legacy of nuclear war through interviews with both American veterans and Japanese survivors. Their stories tell the unbearable truth of nuclear holocaust that new generations should know.

Witnessing the unthinkable. Archie Moczygemba of Taylor, Texas, turned 102 on July 4. A Marine assigned to the occupation of Nagasaki, he arrived in September 1945. Larry Pressley of Columbia, South Carolina, will celebrate his 100th birthday this September. He was also assigned to Nagasaki, although the two never met.

We reinterviewed them in July to ask what messages they most want future generations to know.

Moczygemba, the Texan, recalled a detail he didn’t mention in the film: “We walked through a hospital shortly after we arrived. All the metal beds were just crumpled against one wall. The sheer power of the bomb—it was unthinkable.”

The veteran struggles with his short-term memory now, but the images of Nagasaki have stayed with him for 81 years. Moczygemba remembers vividly the patterns of women’s kimonos, burned directly onto their skin by the heat of the blast—a detail so specific and so haunting that eight decades later, he still lives with it. “The blisters on people’s skin,” he says, “It’s something a lot of people don’t talk about, what the exposure did to those who survived it.”

The political implications of Hiroshima’s scarred “maidens”

The nuclear weapons that exist today are in an entirely different class than those used against Hiroshima and Nagasaki. Some modern nuclear warheads deployed today are 50 to 100 times more powerful than the atomic bombs detonated in 1945.

Breaking the silence. For decades, much of what the atomic veterans saw was classified. Many were ordered never to discuss what they had witnessed—an oath some carried for nearly half a century before the government eased those restrictions in 1996. Even then, connecting a specific illness decades later to months spent in an irradiated city proved to be its own battle—and some atomic veterans fought against the Department of Veterans Affairs for years, with mixed results.

The two atomic veterans both count themselves lucky. Many of the men they served alongside did not live long enough to tell their stories.

Pressley of South Carolina remembers how the Marines brought only limited water to Nagasaki for drinking and cooking. They showered in contaminated water, and many of them also drank it—something he believes contributed to servicemembers’ radiation-related cancers later in life.

The former Marine is aware of how different the use of nuclear weapons would be today. “It’s almost meaningless to even discuss it,” he says. “You can’t drop another atomic bomb—ever. There would be immediate retaliation.”

As one of the last American witnesses of nuclear holocaust, his warning carries a weight and perspective few others can claim.

Preserving atomic memories. The testimonies of the last atomic survivors come as the global nuclear landscape becomes increasingly unstable, with nuclear powers engaged in an escalating arms race. The risk of nuclear weapons being used is higher today than at any point since the end of the Cold War.

A conflict of attrition: Iran’s bet on asymmetric warfare

Statistics can sometimes numb people to the stakes rather than clarify them. What projects like Atomic Echoes aim to do is focus on the specificity—like the chrysanthemum-shaped kimono burns Moczygemba remembers seeing in Nagasaki, or the Geiger counters that both soldiers wore to measure radiation that never stopped squealing.

It’s a difficult subject to put on a screen even 80 years later. Christopher Nolan, in his 2023 film Oppenheimer, chose not to show the horrors of the atomic bombings, and Hollywood’s Doomsday films have ranged in their effectiveness. But we continue to emphasize the stories of the humans behind—and below—these weapons.

And after all American and Japanese eyewitnesses are gone, the living bridge between today’s world and the only wartime use of nuclear weapons will disappear, forcing storytellers to find new ways to tell their stories.

There have been efforts to preserve the testimonies of hibakusha (Japanese survivors) as well as Manhattan Project scientists, including the use of technology like AI and virtual reality (VR) to show the memories of atomic warfare. And in Japan, one can now stand at several points in the city and, through a VR headset, see what it was like when the bomb dropped and the city burned to the ground.

We hope the voices of the last American atomic veterans—including the veterans of US atmospheric testing in the Marshall Islands—will similarly be preserved and amplified as their numbers get smaller.

Every American atomic veteran we spoke to for the film told us that they’d never been asked to publicly share their stories. Not once in 81 years. This is a collective failure. In truth, historians, journalists, and filmmakers alike should be asking these veterans about their lived experience. We can’t afford to let the human consequences of nuclear war become an abstraction.

“I was one of very few people to experience it,” Moczygemba says. “And I’ll never forget it.”

Together, we make the world safer.

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@EoinLenihan

Pavee Point and the 35+ other regional Traveller support NGOs need to be stripped of all public funding. Same for the public funding to Irish universities to run courses like “Travellers, Rights and Nomadism” in UCD or “Undoing Traveller Exclusion: Exploring Radical Transformation in Schools 2” in UCC. NGOs and academics have been provided with staggering sums over the past 25 years for Traveller programmes with little more than a few DEI hires and howls of ‘prejudice’ against anyone asking questions to show for it.

@IrishmanIRL

Travellers make up 0.6% of the Irish population ‘A quarter of inmates at Oberstown are from the Travelling community, the youth detention centre’s director said yesterday. In the children’s detention centre’s recent annual report, Irish Travellers made up ‘26% of young people resident on campus during the year’