Courage.Media: “Newsflash! Your country doesn’t need you anymore, because the latest and greatest technology—Artificial Intelligence—is going to do everything for…itself. Bummer! You can all go home now, at least until your homes are repossessed for conversion into data centres.”

29 Apr 2026

Charles Pardoe

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“Newsflash! Your country doesn’t need you anymore, because the latest and greatest technology—Artificial Intelligence—is going to do everything for…itself. Bummer! You can all go home now, at least until your homes are repossessed for conversion into data centres.”

So represents the readily-entertained reductio ad absurdum of the conclusions vaunted with increasing intensity by the representatives of this technology, whose scripts we are with increasing tenor brow-beaten. Indeed, so spell-binding will be the onset of this “singularity” that its most vocal progenitors urge us like unhinged clerics to prepare our spirits for end-times: nearly all of the jobs will be taken, warn some; A.I.-qua-Lucifer will shed humanity like a snakeskin, warn others. Even the tech-titan with the most prosaic forecast, Elon Musk, warns that the universal-high-basic-income afforded by such technological command of earth’s resources—which Aaron Bastani fancifully dubs “fully-automated-luxury-communism”—will leave us unable to lead meaningful lives. Diddums. What then, as Camus wondered sceptically, will be the point of living? Indeed, under this new form of Communism everyone will have means, but nobody will have ends; not to worry though, for our technocratic elite knows that there are too many “useless eaters” polluting Gaia: most humans are neither good for profit, nor for the planet, so who’d have ’em? Presumably, we shall thence be “nudged” by “thought-leaders” to wander off a nihilistic cliff-edge, albeit a real one. (Robot-assisted dying anyone?) And so whichever oracular disciple from whom one receives the “Word of A.I.”: we had better brace ourselves: for the Apocalypse is coming in one form or another. That’ll be fine too though, for free, easy, and terribly-inclusive access to “pre-departure” “wellness sessions” with the chat-bot of your choice will be laid on. Yet if you’re audacious enough to think you’ll make it through the techno-dystopian upheaval, then carry on reading.

***

Not long ago, Elon Musk affirmed Lord Acton’s aphorism that “Power corrupts, and absolute power corrupts absolutely”, and at this juncture we shall be wise to consider the corrupting influence upon visions of the future induced by the conflict of interest which obtains when concentrated cliques of technicians and investors are committed not to testing their advertorial hype with the stringency of ordinarily-competent bridge-engineers. For as has been put wisely in other words: it is hard to persuade men of virtuous conduct where their incomes depend on forsaking it. Let us then seek for honest insights into what A.I. actually has in store for us by undertaking some mere-mortal stress-testing of this purported apotheosis of outsourcing.

I shall begin with that very old Aristotelian technique of defining our terms: “artificial” and “intelligence”; and this is no mere exercise in academic pedantry while the nature of A.I., and its implications for our lives, are matters of widening speculation amidst their coming to bear on the great many of us.

The first term is more-readily defined: the artificial is that which is not real in one respect but which may be passed off as such in another. Its value thence derives from its capacity partially to stand in place of the real: fools’ gold affords almost the aesthetic value of real gold for a fraction of the cost; knock-off Rolexes signal wealth not held and still keep time. “And so what?” you may ask. Appearances matter, and sometimes appearances are all that matter. Moreover, sometimes, we may even get close to having our cake and eating it. A kit-car Ferrari may look like a real one and afford similar performance at a fraction of the cost. Sometimes, faking it never felt so close to making it, so what’s not to like? So far so innocent, you may think—conveniently discounting the difference in price between the kit-car and the real-one, wherein lies the cost of innovating the cutting-edge article which you would have without paying for the innovation: the most costly element upon which derivations depend. Oh well, thank goodness “foolish” aristocrats buy real Ferraris, so that “wise” yeomen can feel smug about buying fake ones.

Still, bargain-hunting is understandable: deeply-rooted—as it surely is—in the survival-imperative to obtain the greatest number of calories and nutrients for the least number expended. And that imperative will be felt up and down the pecking order for the same reason despite differing manifestations: the rank and file can scarcely afford to lose the few resources they are able to procure, whilst the big-time C-suiters will lose their competitive advantage without the gobs of capital necessary to secure the human- and technological resources upon which their hard-won market-share depends.

It is rather the capacity to manipulate appearances which affords a diversion towards troubled waters: specifically, a channel via which artifice may be conjured into fakery and onward to delusion. After all, if cutting corners persuades us that corners are not, in fact, necessary, then aren’t we a clever cookie? We can have a Potemkin village in place of a real one, and laugh our way to the bank—that must be real, mind you; and somewhere else, of course.

If enough participants in a market are seduced into believing that the artificial is superior to the genuine in toto, and thus represents an unmitigated efficiency-gain, then a “conceit bubble” is established: what psychologist Mattias Desmet has in widespread instances termed a “mass formation”. Theorised more generally some hundred years prior by Gustav Le Bon in his study of The Crowd, these constitute group-dynamics manipulated by hypnotic luminaries so as to draw large swathes to set their stores by false prophets. Chillingly, “You would probably have been a Nazi, too”, reminded Jordan Peterson in so many words, referencing the Stanford prison experiment before a class of unsuspecting students. It was a darkly aphoristic reminder that ranks of young hopefuls such as themselves who yearn to make the world a better place in some inchoate way are ripe for exploitation by thuggish bien pensants with oven-ready ideas and tight deadlines. To summarise as did Richard Weaver in his portentous book of the same name: ideas have consequences. And as Thomas Sowell warned: ideas are cheap, theoretical, and may be donned, whereas consequences are real, incur costs, and must be lived-with—often by those who did not issue them. The pen may be mightier than the sword, but actions can speak louder than words, and are often less amenable to revision.

Returning to the small fry with which we began: fools’ gold and knock-off Rolexes may well deceive us into believing that we have secured an unmitigated bargain; or even into paying full-price for what we believe to be the genuine articles; and we may in turn deceive others into believing the same things. Frivolous conceits abound, although some are expensive. Art which is merely kitsch can tempt the many for whom the facts are relevant—creators, observers, buyers, sellers, students, and educators—into reckoning that they are witness to profound, big-A-Art, rather than pliant victims of con-artistry—sometimes their own. So, (in)famously, was exemplified in Scruton’s amusingly-honest reaction to Duchamp’s Artist’s Shit in his “failure” to hide his noticing that a can of shit is—surely—just that. For a brief moment, the conceit had been defeated, and, as with Cage’s 4’33”, the silence of a profound nonsense-exposed was deafening.

Consenting to “mistake” cans of shit, urinals, and pickled sharks for works of Art, and orchestras doing nothing or making incoherent rackets for profound acts of Music: such are just a few of the more or less expensive acts of fakery in which we are invited to participate throughout our lives by those who find value in extending Shakespeare’s sagely lines thusly: “All the world’s a stage / And all the men and women merely players / So best be one of the few who plays the many”. After all, there are only so many real jobs and honest livings to be made, and anyway, as Jack London (perhaps it was) pithily put it: “Gods are at a discount, and Devils are in demand!”, so why not answer the call from Beelzebub and join a cult of fakery near you? The film Team America put it crudely: in a world of Dicks, Pussies, and Assholes, it pays to be just one kind of person if you don’t want to get f’d. Besides, ‘tis the way of the world: mutton has always been passed off as bacon, lilies have always been gilded, and veneer has always had its place in cabinetry; there has always been a market for those who would have something for nothing, those who would meet them half way for it, and those who would exchange nothing for something where an adequate pretence to a sound deal could be effected. “Ask me no questions and ye shall hear no lies” is likewise an obiter dictum which has smoothed many a faulty trade. Still, although we are in troubled waters, they are mercifully shallow enough to enable most of us to wade through them, variously scathed in moderate part, to unscathed and modestly advantaged. Besides, so long as we get off with a cheap watch that looks good and tells the time, best not to worry about the new money which can’t tell an unmade bed from a Da Vinci, or silence from Berlioz. We might even get a laugh out of it.

The seller and buyer who know they are dealing in trivial artifice disadvantage neither themselves nor others, for neither parties is under illusion regarding the qualities and shortcomings of the article-traded. Moreover, it wouldn’t matter much if they didn’t. The fake Rolex which looks okay and tells the time for the price of a Casio is effectively innocent: the consequences of its failing to fool anyone are negligible, as conversely are the consequences of it fooling an observer. The ante begins to be upped where the seller and buyer know they are dealing in non-trivial artifice: they do not disadvantage themselves insofar as neither party is under illusion regarding the qualities and shortcomings of the article traded, but it would matter if a forgetful or unsuspecting party placed a heavy tome on an MDF structure designed to look like oak: shelves may collapse, and in addition to a bill for replacement, we shall be inconvenienced, or even hurt.

Trouble really begins to take off where dishonesty starts in respect of non-trivial artifice: for where one person gains by lying to another, a zero-sum conceit obtains: one party gains at the expense of another. We enter a dog-eat-dog world, in which the pie, so to speak, is not made bigger; the great promise of capitalism is denied: someone just gets away with taking more for himself. Value is not created: merely transferred—without consent. Too bad for the losers. The knock-off Omega Seamaster whose seller deceives the buyer into believing it is real induces the latter to rely on it at sea and come to harm; after all, a seagoing time-piece broken by water may well cause a fatal accident; and we shall induce lifelong scars in those left to pick up the pieces, especially those nearest and dearest.

Still, at least one person—the seller—possesses the truth: he may in principle be found; tried; and brought to justice, although necessarily imperfect. Moreover, the seller who profits excessively in the short-term by lying is liable to exposure by market participants, which will thence punish him ruthlessly, purging him of his reputation, and in extremis, of his livelihood. Honest sellers toil to bring value to market for others, whereas he merely extracted it for himself: and that is an intolerable crime against the enterprise of value-creation in which all honest participants in the market are engaged.

To the extent that a lie can be kept alive, however, excessive profits are the reward; and movement into murkier waters is made when this incentive to lie mutates, like a cancer, into fakery writ large: for a lie requires only for one person to deceive another; whereas big-lie fakery requires multiple persons to deceive both themselves and others, such that all are volitionally veiled in a mirage. The old KGB saying, that “anyone can commit a murder, but it takes an artist to commit a suicide”, is almost analogical, for as Scruton noted: anyone can lie, but fakery is an achievement. And it is an achievement precisely because it entails duping oneself as well as others; that is, the Pied Piper and his flock really must believe they are heading up to a higher plane, rather than over a cliff edge—like many Western universities today.

Among the latest and greatest of the Western Pied Pipers may well have been the owner-pilot of the Titan submarine. For after years of “corner-cutting” and “coin-clipping”, he managed an achievement even more remarkable than touring the Titanic via submersible: he managed to persuade himself, his backers, a sufficient number of employees, and prospective customers, that it really were possible to build a cut-price submarine using such parts as a bell-housing rated for a third of the intended depth and a commercial video-game controller to pilot it. He even persuaded his first customers that his scantily tested contraption were safer than scuba-diving: one of the most widespread and safe activities of submersion practised across the world for decades. And so it came to pass that a con artist par excellence succeeded in deceiving not only the victims of his underwater Trojan horse, but himself. That is, until literally, Reality called time, and popped the little underwater bubble and its inhabitants, including him.

So what has contending with artifice got to do with A.I.?

Part II published tomorrow…

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Futurism: Gen Z Is Turning Against AI in an Incredible Way

Gen Z Is Turning Against AI in an Incredible Way

They’ve had enough.

By Victor Tangermann

Published May 1, 2026 8:56 AM EDT

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The AI backlash is particularly apparent among Gen Z, a demographic that's at the epicenter of the industry's push for AI adoption.
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For years now, tech leaders have warned that AI will usher in a technological revolution on an unprecedented scale, wiping out countless jobs. If you’re lucky enough to survive sweeping layoffs continuously roiling the tech industry, bosses say their employees will have to adopt the tech to keep their jobs — whether they like it or not.

In other words, it’s not hard to see why there’s been a surge in resentment towards AI, which has encroached almost every aspect of our daily lives, from the never-ending slop in our social media feeds to flawed chatbots poorly assuming the roles of human customer service agents.

As The Verge reports, the backlash is particularly apparent among Gen Z, a demographic that’s at the epicenter of the industry’s push for AI adoption. The generation is facing a dire post-graduation job market after losing much of its youth to the COVID-19 pandemic.

Usually, young people love new innovations. But for Gen Z, a tech inherently designed to replace human agency is strikingly unwelcome — and inspiring a growing rebellion.

“I think everyone in my immediate peer group is not using AI and is actively against it, besides my friends who are in computer science and are essentially mandated to use it,” Sharon Freystaetter, who left her Silicon Valley tech job over ethical concerns, told The Verge.

Young people certainly have plenty of valid concerns. The numerous negative side effects of society’s infatuation with generative AI are becoming increasingly harder to miss. Massive data centers are deteriorating the environment on a shocking scale, while the widespread use of AI chatbots is eroding critical thinking skills and driving some into dangerous spirals of delusions.

Recent polling data paint a damning picture of young people’s rapidly deteriorating opinion of AI. One recent Gallup poll showed that only 18 percent of Gen Zers said they felt “hopeful” about AI, a drop of nine percent compared to 2025.

AI’s recent incursions into academia have them particularly incensed.

“AI cannot coexist with education — it can only degrade it,” reads a recent, scathing editorial titled “Penn has an AI problem,” published by the University of Pennsylvania’s student newspaper last month. “As technology advances and workers are replaced by machines, schools are some of the only places we have left to explore and wrestle with human thought.”

A major reason for the disillusionment among young people is their ability to identify the many shortcomings of the tech, from rampant hallucinations to the dangers of “cognitive offloading,” the term for when people start to outsource mental tasks to AI.

The situation has gotten to the point where a baffling proportion of Gen Zers are going as far as to intentionally undermine their bosses’ AI initiatives. According to a recent report by the AI company Writer and research firm Workplace Intelligent, 44 percent of polled Gen Z workers said they’re “sabotaging their company’s AI strategy in at least one way,” from entering proprietary company information into chatbots to refusing to use AI tools outright.

More on AI and Gen Z: Usually, Young People Embrace New Technology. Gen Z’s Attitude Toward AI Should Worry the Entire Tech Industry

Victor Tangermann

Senior Editor

I’m a senior editor at Futurism, where I edit and write about NASA and the private space sector, as well as topics ranging from SETI and artificial intelligence to tech and medical policy.

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Forbes: How Eric Trump Got Rich From Bitcoin While Losing Investors A Fortune

How Eric Trump Got Rich From Bitcoin While Losing Investors A Fortune

The president’s second son pitches his bitcoin company as a money-printing machine. It’s actually an arbitrage vehicle that preys on MAGA-minded investors.

ByDan Alexander,

Senior Editor. Dan Alexander covers Trump’s business.Follow Author

Apr 28, 2026, 07:00am EDTUpdated Apr 28, 2026, 07:34am EDT

Eric Trump speaks at Bitcoin Asia 2025 in Hong Kong

Eric Trump jumped on an earnings call in February ready to do what Trumps do best—sell. His company, American Bitcoin, had debuted just a year earlier and was already trading on the Nasdaq. “We are fast becoming the leader in the bitcoin world, and I truly think we have the greatest brand of all,” Eric said. “I want to recognize Mike, Asher, Matt and everybody at American Bitcoin.”

It was a noteworthy closing—“and everybody at American Bitcoin”—given that there is hardly anyone else at American Bitcoin. An annual report filed one month after the earnings call stated that the company has just two full-time employees, presumably chief executive Mike Ho and president Matt Prusak. Maybe there are a couple of others—Ho also serves as an executive at another company. Someone who worked in investor relations at Ho’s other company for less than a year now calls herself “chief of staff” at American Bitcoin on her LinkedIn page. Another person says she started as American Bitcoin’s social-media manager in January. (Asher Genoot, the executive chairman, sits on a five-person board with Ho and three independent directors.)

The Trump family learned long ago that there is money to be made in acting like things are bigger than they actually are. Fred Trump, Donald’s father, allegedly juiced his profits by duping authorities into thinking his projects cost more than they actually did. Donald Trump lied to banks (and media outlets like Forbes) about the value of his assets, leading a New York judge to conclude that he committed fraud. Eric Trump got caught up in that case, too, and was banned from serving as an officer or director of any New York corporation for two years. He created his own company anyway, incorporated in Delaware and headquartered in Florida, then marketed it in a way that would make his forefathers proud.

Eric Trump’s newest bitcoin venture may be selling a story more than a business. As he tells it, American Bitcoin can print money by mining bitcoin for roughly half of what it is worth. But a closer look at the numbers calls into question whether the company can mine bitcoin profitably at all, let alone with such massive margins. Representatives of Eric Trump, the Trump Organization and American Bitcoin did not respond to repeated requests for comment. Plenty of people trust in the president’s son, putting real money at stake. When American Bitcoin hit the public markets on Sept. 3, investors valued Eric Trump’s company—with an estimated $270 million of bitcoin on its balance sheet—at $13.2 billion.

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Dan Alexander

ByDan Alexander

Dan Alexander is a senior editor at Forbes, overseeing money-in-politics coverage, as well as the author of White House, Inc.: How Donald Trump Turned the Presidency into a Business. Alexander joined Forbes in 2012 and has investigated the personal finances of Hillary ClintonDonald TrumpWilbur Ross, and others. His work has sparked state and federal investigations, came up repeatedly in Trump’s fraud trial and helped send longtime Trump Organization CFO Allen Weisselberg to jail. The New York City Society of Professional Journalists honored Alexander with back-to-back awards for best business feature of the year in 2017 and 2018. He won the 2018 ASME NEXT award, given to magazine journalists under thirty who “demonstrated extraordinary promise.” The Society of American Business Editors and Writers awarded two of his stories with honorable mentions in 2019 and named White House, Inc. one of the best business books of the year in 2021. Before writing about politics, Alexander covered sports, manufacturing and wealth. He graduated from Brown University with a degree in history. Follow Alexander for deep reporting on the finances of Trump and other politicians. Forbes reporters follow company ethical guidelines that ensure the highest quality.Read More

Find Dan Alexander on LinkedInFacebook and X. Browse additional work.

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Joe Rogan Podcast News: Jenses Huang “AI has created more than half a million jobs and ….

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Piers Morgan … interview with Professor Sachs. Worth watching. Wars and social engineering

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Invisible people: This Veteran Keeps Getting Arrested – Just for being Homeless. Wars … Korea, Vietnam, Iraq, Afghanistan, now it is the potential of Israel US … and the Iran war. Be aware of the costs on humanity of wars … the mental illness crisis. Watch BlackHawkDown … there is a day when they were critical to war

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The Conversation: Up to 20,000 seafarers on 2,000 vessels remain stranded in and around the strait, enduring a combination of physical danger and psychological stress typical of combat zones.

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As the closure of the Strait of Hormuz drags on, the United Nations’ International Maritime Organization has sounded the alarm over a related humanitarian crisis: the plight of the crew stuck on ships at or near the strait.

Up to 20,000 seafarers on 2,000 vessels remain stranded in and around the strait, enduring a combination of physical danger and psychological stress typical of combat zones.

They face daily horrors at work. Exhausted by the risk of being hit by missiles or falling debris, they cannot rest in safe harbours, as nearby ports are not secure.

As their supplies dwindle to dangerously low levels, they must ration food and water and rely on charities such as Mission to Seafarers for supplies (at great risk to the charity workers).

The longer the crisis persists, the more likely seafarers will be working after their contracts expire. They risk not being paid and being unable to get home. Desperate seafarers have also reportedly been targeted by scammers offering safe passage through the strait in exchange for cryptocurrency.

The current crisis is deeply troubling. But the grim reality is that even at the best of times, seafarers generally experience appalling working conditions, while contending with geopolitical crises and unpredictable trade cycles.

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These workers face financial insecurity, job uncertainty, physical and mental hazards, isolation, overwork and limited career prospects. Fatigue and sleep deprivation expose them to serious injuries or illnesses on vessels that often operate without adequate medical facilities or qualified doctors.

Lessons of COVID

The current crisis echoes problems revealed during the COVID pandemic. Then, some 400,000 seafarers were stranded at sea. Many were unpaid, and couldn’t be repatriated.

Some ship operators introduced “no crew change” clauses (which ban crew changes while the operator’s cargo is onboard). Such clauses in contracts undermine seafarers’ rights under the Maritime Labour Convention 2006. This exists to promote safety, security and good working conditions on ships, and protect seafarers’ rights.

As a result of an amendment to this convention, seafarers have since been designated as “key workers”. This facilitates access to shore leave, repatriation, crew changes and medical care ashore.

However, the amendments do not take effect until December 2027.

More broadly, the Maritime Labour Convention requires shipowners to provide accommodation, food, transportation, cover for medical expenses and repatriation (the cost of the seafarers’ journeys home, including accommodation).

But it relies on the countries where ships are registered (known as flag states) to regulate shipping – and ships are constantly moving and beyond the reach of regulators. Many are registered under flags of convenience (that is, not where they are owned) in countries with low labour standards that are seldom enforced.

Risk of attack or abandonment

Many commercial ships currently stuck in the Strait of Hormuz have been targeted in military operations, by both Iranian and US forces.

Seafarers also face the unique threat of abandonment. This is where shipowners – in breach of maritime law – leave them without wages, support or maintenance. This occurs when shipowners fail to secure new business.

And it is very difficult for seafarers to leave the ship on which they work. Maritime law also compels crews to keep ships safe and operational and prevents them abandoning ships except under the most extreme circumstances, such as if the vessel is sinking.

In 2025, 6,223 seafarers were abandoned on 410 ships – the sixth yearly increase in a row.

According to the International Seafarers’ Welfare and Assistance Network, there are probably many more unreported cases as seafarers fear dismissal and being blacklisted from other work.

Early indications for 2026 are that the number of seafarers abandoned by shipowners already exceeds 6,000 cases.

Abandoned seafarers were also owed US$25.8 million in unpaid wages in 2025, of which just $16.5 million was recovered.

Shadow fleets

Most abandonments are linked to the shadow fleet, meaning ships that carry oil, gas and other goods in breach of sanctions. The shadow fleet has expanded to 20% of the world’s tankers and 7.5% of LPG carriers.

Shadow fleet vessels have opaque ownership, inadequate insurance and poorly trained crew obtained through illegal recruitment methods bordering on human trafficking.

They are registered in countries with lenient labour laws and poor labour protections, few safety regulations and little oversight. More than half of these ships are more than 15 years old (the traditional cut off age for tankers used by major oil companies) and are in substandard condition. They also use ports where they are unlikely to be inspected.

In addition, they are often run by small ship management companies with little technical knowledge or industry experience, about which very little information is available.

Stranded in the strait

Under the circumstances in the strait, seafarers have been denied the right of repatriation. First, the US blockade prevents ships accessing ports from which they could transit. Second, the fuel crisis has driven the price of flights to a level that many shipowners cannot afford.

India, which maintains diplomatic relations with Iran and imports 90% of its gas from the Persian Gulf, has negotiated the safe passage of its seafarers.

But thousands of others remain stranded, with no states coming to their aid.

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Chay Bowes on X: Common sense is still in existence in the UK …

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Neuroscience News: Mapping the Brain’s Hidden Hub for Creative Thought

Mapping the Brain’s Hidden Hub for Creative Thought

FeaturedNeuroscience

April 29, 2026

Summary: What makes a brain creative? For years, neuroscientists have pointed to a “dynamic cooperation” between two opposing systems: the Default Mode Network (DMN), which handles spontaneous associations, and the Executive Control Network (ECN), which focuses on goal-oriented thinking.

A new study has finally identified the “bridge” between these two worlds: the rostral prefrontal cortex. By studying patients with frontotemporal dementia, researchers discovered that creativity isn’t about how much these networks overlap, but about the functional distance between them. The more distinct and well-connected these two “islands” are, the more creative the individual.

Key Facts

  • The Rostral Bridge: Located at the very front of the brain, the rostral prefrontal cortex acts as a gradual transition zone, ensuring the “dreamy” DMN and the “logical” ECN can communicate without merging.
  • Connectivity Gradients: Using functional connectivity gradient analysis, researchers found that the “amplitude” of this gradient, the measurable distance between spontaneous and controlled networks, directly predicts a person’s creative ability.
  • Dementia Insights: In patients with behavioral variant frontotemporal dementia, this gradient is compressed. Their brains lose the differentiation between spontaneous and intentional thought, which severely impairs their ability to solve everyday problems creatively.
  • Intentional Association: The study challenges the idea that the DMN is only for “daydreaming.” It proves the DMN is also active during intentional creative work, helping the brain retrieve and reorganize memories to form new ideas.
  • Creativity as Survival: The researchers emphasize that creativity isn’t just for art; it is a fundamental tool for autonomy. It allows us to adapt to social changes and solve ordinary life problems, making it a key focus for therapeutic care in neurodegenerative diseases.

Source: Paris Brain Institute

When a writer comes up with a striking metaphor, when an engineer solves a tricky problem by combining seemingly unrelated tools, or when a child invents the rules of a new game… what happens in the brain? In cognitive neuroscience, creativity is defined as the ability to produce ideas that are both original and relevant within a given context.

For several years, one hypothesis has gained traction in this field of research: creativity involves two major brain networks. On the one hand, the default mode network (DMN), associated with the spontaneous generation of ideas and free associations. On the other hand, the executive control network (ECN) comes into play when we deliberately control our thinking in order to achieve a goal.

“Creativity is, in a sense, the result of dynamic cooperation between these two networks,” explains Emmanuelle Volle, neurologist and co-leader of the FrontLab team at the Paris Brain Institute. “We believe that creative ideas do not emerge from nothing, but result from the synthesis and reorganization of existing knowledge stored in semantic memory.”

The rostral prefrontal cortex, located ahead of the frontal lobe, lies precisely at the intersection of the DMN and the ECN. But until now, its role in coordinating these networks has remained unclear.

Visualizing the architecture of creative cognition

As part of his doctoral thesis, Victor Altmayer, a neurologist, former doctoral student at FrontLab, and currently a researcher at La Timone Hospital in Marseille, chose to study creativity in behavioral variant frontotemporal dementia, a neurodegenerative disease characterized by behavioral and personality changes, as well as cognitive and language impairments.

This condition specifically affects the prefrontal cortex and disrupts connections within the DMN and ECN, making it a useful model for understanding how these networks interact.

“Previous studies show that creativity is reduced in these patients, although paradoxically some of them become very active in terms of artistic production, particularly in the visual arts,” the neurologist notes.

The researchers recruited 27 patients and 29 controls from the ECOCAPTURE cohort. They used a recent brain imaging approach called functional connectivity gradient analysis, which makes it possible to examine how connectivity varies gradually within a brain region.

A gradient that predicts individual creative abilities

Their findings suggest that the rostral prefrontal cortex acts as a bridge between the DMN and the ECN, ensuring a gradual functional transition between these two networks. Most importantly, the researchers show that the greater the functional distance between them, the better the participants’ performance in the voluntary generation of creative ideas.

“In other words, the amplitude of the gradient predicts individual creative abilities,” explains Victor Altmayer. “In patients with behavioral variant frontotemporal dementia, this gradient is reduced—their brains have lost part of the differentiation between the DMN and the ECN—which affects their creativity.”

In addition to demonstrating the critical role of this rostral region, the study reveals how a gradual organization of the prefrontal cortex contributes to the creative process. It also confirms that creativity relies on a measurable balance between the DMN and the ECN.

“There was a prior assumption in the scientific literature that the DMN was exclusively involved in spontaneous processes. However, we show that this network is also involved in intentional processes of generating associations between ideas. It likely plays a role in retrieving memories and integrating them with one another,” emphasizes Victor Altmayer.

Better understanding creativity in disease

These findings also shed light on the clinical reality of behavioral variant frontotemporal dementia, whose prevalence is estimated at around 15 to 22 cases per 100,000 people, according to Santé publique France. The disease often begins with personality changes, social disinhibition, or marked apathy, which frequently affects patients’ relationships with those around them.

“Because of this disruption in social bonds, providing care can be difficult. To help patients overcome apathy, healthcare professionals try to identify patients’ interests: a creative activity—such as cooking, gardening, or drawing—can be therapeutic,” adds Victor Altmayer.

In the future, assessing the impact of reduced creativity on patients’ autonomy and resilience could likely help improve care.

“When we’re less creative, we also find it harder to cope with ordinary problems and to adopt appropriate behaviors aimed at a specific goal. Creativity isn’t just an artistic matter. It’s an essential tool for everyday life,” the researcher concludes.

Key Questions Answered:

Q: Does a “creative brain” have more or less control?

A: Both. A creative brain has a highly active “idea generator” (DMN) and a strong “editor” (ECN), but the secret is in the separation. The brain needs enough distance between these networks so they don’t interfere with each other, but a strong enough “bridge” (rostral prefrontal cortex) to allow them to collaborate.

Q: Why do some dementia patients suddenly become artistic?

A: It’s a paradox. While their problem-solving creativity (intentional) often drops because the bridge is damaged, the loss of executive control can sometimes “unleash” the spontaneous generation of the DMN, leading to a burst of raw, visual artistic production that wasn’t there before.

Q: Can I “train” my rostral prefrontal cortex to be more creative?

A: While you can’t easily change your brain’s physical architecture, engaging in activities that require both free association (like brainstorming) and structured execution (like gardening or cooking) exercises the “bridge” between these networks, reinforcing the cognitive pathways used in creativity.

Editorial Notes:

  • This article was edited by a Neuroscience News editor.
  • Journal paper reviewed in full.
  • Additional context added by our staff.

About this creativity and neuroscience research news

Author: Marie Simon
Source: Paris Brain Institute
Contact: Marie Simon – Paris Brain Institute
Image: The image is credited to Neuroscience News

Original Research: Open access.
A rostral prefrontal mediolateral gradient predicts creativity in frontotemporal dementia” by Victor Altmayer , Marcela Ovando-Tellez , Théophile Bieth , Bénédicte Batrancourt , Armelle Rametti-Lacroux , Sarah Moreno-Rodriguez , Arabella Bouzigues , Vincent Ledu , Béatrice Garcin , Alizée Lopez-Persem , Daniel Margulies , Richard Levy , Emmanuelle Volle , ECOCAPTURE study group. Brain
DOI:10.1093/brain/awag032


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